Graduate Employment Survey 2010 (published 2011)

75

Among the Class of 2010 from NUS, SMU and NTU, graduates from the NUS Law Faculty got the highest starting pay. This is according to the 2010 Graduate Employment Survey results.

Featuring for the first time in the Salary.sg ranking tables, the 2010 batch of lawyers from NUS received an average starting salary of $4,770. This average is apparently not skewed by outliers, as 75% of these fresh lawyers got more than $4,250.

No thanks to the lawyers, the 4-year Information Systems Management programme at SMU dropped a notch to 2nd place this year, with an average starting pay of $4,547 for those who graduated cum laude and above.

Fresh doctors coming from NUS, the only university offering medicine, are at a distant 3rd with $3,852.

Interestingly, SMU Accountancy (non-cum laude) has a high average of $3,162 but a low median of $2,650 – what this means is that 50% of them earn less than $2,650 but the rest earns much more to skew the average by a lot.

The same bad skewing is observed for NUS Business Administration (Accountancy) (Honours). But it scored a 100% employment rate.

Also dominating the top of the employability table are: Law, Medicine and Surgery, the NTU-NIE courses (for teachers-to-be), Dental Surgery and NTU Biomedical Sciences.

In terms of employability, NTU Art, Design & Media is once again … last. See our previous year’s rankings.

Without further ado, we present this year’s rankings:

By Average Gross Monthly Salaries (in brackets are the 75th-percentile salaries)

  1. NUS Laws – $4,770 ($5,000)
  2. SMU Information Systems Management (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – $4,547 ($4,950)
  3. NUS Medicine and Surgery – $3,852 ($4,000)
  4. SMU Business Management (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – $3,750 ($4,000)
  5. SMU Accountancy Cum Laude and above – $3,625 ($3,800)
  6. SMU Economics (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – $3,579 ($3,700)
  7. SMU Social Sciences (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – $3,479 ($3,875)
  8. SMU Information Systems Management (4-yr programme) – $3,474 ($4,000)
  9. NUS Architecture – $3,445 ($3,700)
  10. SMU Economics (4-yr programme) – $3,429 ($3,700)
  11. NTU Computer Science – $3,385 ($3,700)
  12. NUS Information Systems – $3,384 ($3,700)
  13. NUS Industrial & Systems Engineering – $3,357 ($3,750)
  14. NTU Aerospace Engineering – $3,344 ($3,800)
  15. NUS Pharmacy – $3,298 ($3,300)
  16. SMU Business Management (4-yr programme) – $3,292 ($3,500)
  17. NUS Computer Science – $3,289 ($3,400)
  18. NTU Arts (with Education) – $3,281 ($3,400)
  19. NTU Computer Engineering – $3,272 ($3,600)
  20. NUS Chemical Engineering – $3,259 ($3,500)
  21. NUS Electrical Engineering – $3,235 ($3,500)
  22. NUS Business Administration (Honours) – $3,232 ($3,600)
  23. NTU Science (with Education) – $3,199 ($3,300)
  24. NTU Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering – $3,182 ($3,525)
  25. NUS Computer Engineering – $3,163 ($3,700)
  26. SMU Accountancy (4-yr programme) – $3,162 ($3,500)
  27. NTU Bioengineering – $3,160 ($3,800)
  28. NTU Mathematics & Economics – $3,147 ($3,450)
  29. NUS Computer Engineering – $3,140 ($3,500)
  30. NTU Chinese – $3,118 ($3,400)
  31. NUS Dental Surgery – $3,116 ($3,400)
  32. NTU Electrical & Electronic Engineering – $3,110 ($3,400)
  33. NUS Material Science and Engineering – $3,107 ($3,200)
  34. NUS Business Administration (Accountancy)(Honours) – $3,081 ($3,375)
  35. NTU Materials Engineering – $3,079 ($3,300)
  36. NUS Mechanical Engineering – $3,067 ($3,200)
  37. NTU Mechanical Engineering – $3,064 ($3,400)
  38. NUS Social Sciences (Honours) – $3,062 ($3,335)
  39. NUS Science (Honours) – $3,049 ($3,300)
  40. NUS E.Commerce – $3,049 ($3,500)
  41. NTU Mathematical Sciences – $3,022 ($3,100)
  42. NUS Arts (Honours) – $3,021 ($3,200)
  43. NUS Business Administration (3-yr programme) – $3,008 ($3,000)
  44. NTU Economics – $2,995 ($3,200)
  45. NUS Communication and Media – $2,993 ($3,494)
  46. NTU Environmental Engineering – $2,982 ($3,200)
  47. NTU Chemistry & Biological Chemistry – $2,981 ($3,300)
  48. NTU Biological Sciences – $2,952 ($3,200)
  49. NTU Biomedical Sciences – $2,950 ($3,175)
  50. NTU Sociology – $2,950 ($3,200)
  51. NUS Applied Science (Honours) – $2,944 ($3,100)
  52. NUS Computing – $2,935 ($3,200)
  53. NTU Business (3-yr direct Honours programme) – $2,933 ($3,200)
  54. NTU Psychology – $2,932 ($3,300)
  55. NTU Civil Engineering – $2,911 ($3,100)
  56. NUS Environmental Engineering – $2,895 ($3,200)
  57. NTU Physics – $2,862 ($3,250)
  58. NTU Maritime Studies – $2,857 ($3,125)
  59. NTU Communication Studies – $2,836 ($3,200)
  60. SMU Social Sciences (4-yr programme) – $2,824 ($3,200)
  61. NUS Bioengineering – $2,804 ($3,000)
  62. NTU Accountancy (3-yr direct Honours programme) – $2,778 ($2,775)
  63. NUS Real Estate – $2,762 ($3,000)
  64. NUS Civil Engineering – $2,757 ($2,800)
  65. NUS Business Administration (Accountancy) – $2,692 ($2,600)
  66. NUS Project and Facilities Management – $2,657 ($2,800)
  67. NUS Nursing – $2,655 ($2,800)
  68. NUS Science – $2,653 ($2,900)
  69. NUS Arts – $2,627 ($2,900)
  70. NTU English Literature – $2,603 ($3,050)
  71. NTU Art, Design & Media – $2,600 ($3,150)
  72. NUS Engineering Science – $2,571 ($3,000)
  73. NUS Applied Science – $2,427 ($2,800)

By Permanent Employment Rate (in brackets are the median salaries)

  1. NUS Laws – 100.0% ($5,000)
  2. NUS Medicine and Surgery – 100.0% ($3,700)
  3. NTU Arts (with Education) – 100.0% ($3,200)
  4. NTU Science (with Education) – 100.0% ($3,200)
  5. NUS Dental Surgery – 100.0% ($3,000)
  6. NTU Biomedical Sciences – 100.0% ($2,800)
  7. NUS Business Administration (Accountancy)(Honours) – 100.0% ($2,600)
  8. SMU Accountancy (4-yr programme) – 97.9% ($2,650)
  9. NUS Architecture – 97.7% ($3,500)
  10. NTU Accountancy (3-yr direct Honours programme) – 97.0% ($2,600)
  11. NTU Aerospace Engineering – 95.9% ($3,200)
  12. SMU Accountancy Cum Laude and above – 95.8% ($3,000)
  13. NTU Civil Engineering – 95.2% ($2,900)
  14. SMU Information Systems Management (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – 95.0% ($4,350)
  15. SMU Economics (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – 95.0% ($3,300)
  16. SMU Business Management (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – 94.1% ($3,400)
  17. NUS Nursing – 93.9% ($2,600)
  18. NUS Civil Engineering – 93.5% ($2,700)
  19. SMU Social Sciences (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – 93.3% ($3,250)
  20. SMU Information Systems Management (4-yr programme) – 93.0% ($3,100)
  21. NUS Computer Science – 92.9% ($3,000)
  22. NUS Pharmacy – 92.3% ($3,200)
  23. NTU Maritime Studies – 92.0% ($2,750)
  24. NTU Computer Science – 91.8% ($3,200)
  25. NUS Computer Engineering – 91.8% ($3,000)
  26. NTU Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering – 91.0% ($3,200)
  27. NTU Computer Engineering – 90.8% ($3,100)
  28. SMU Business Management (4-yr programme) – 90.7% ($3,000)
  29. SMU Social Sciences (4-yr programme) – 90.5% ($2,675)
  30. NUS Industrial & Systems Engineering – 90.4% ($3,000)
  31. SMU Economics (4-yr programme) – 90.2% ($3,100)
  32. NUS Information Systems – 90.0% ($3,200)
  33. NUS Communication and Media – 90.0% ($2,800)
  34. NUS Business Administration (Honours) – 89.6% ($3,100)
  35. NUS Applied Science (Honours) – 89.5% ($3,000)
  36. NUS Project and Facilities Management – 89.0% ($2,500)
  37. NUS Computing – 88.9% ($2,880)
  38. NTU Mechanical Engineering – 88.6% ($3,000)
  39. NUS Electrical Engineering – 88.5% ($3,000)
  40. NUS Real Estate – 88.5% ($2,650)
  41. NUS E.Commerce – 87.5% ($3,000)
  42. NUS Computer Engineering – 87.2% ($3,000)
  43. NTU Business (3-yr direct Honours programme) – 86.3% ($2,800)
  44. NTU Mathematics & Economics – 85.7% ($3,200)
  45. NUS Business Administration (Accountancy) – 85.7% ($2,600)
  46. NUS Mechanical Engineering – 85.2% ($3,000)
  47. NTU Electrical & Electronic Engineering – 84.7% ($3,000)
  48. NTU Economics – 84.6% ($3,000)
  49. NUS Chemical Engineering – 82.9% ($3,100)
  50. NUS Environmental Engineering – 82.6% ($2,800)
  51. NTU Materials Engineering – 82.2% ($3,000)
  52. NTU Mathematical Sciences – 81.8% ($2,800)
  53. NTU Psychology – 81.7% ($3,100)
  54. NTU Communication Studies – 81.7% ($2,750)
  55. NTU Chinese – 81.0% ($3,100)
  56. NUS Social Sciences (Honours) – 80.9% ($3,000)
  57. NUS Business Administration (3-yr programme) – 80.9% ($2,650)
  58. NTU Bioengineering – 80.0% ($3,000)
  59. NUS Material Science and Engineering – 77.4% ($3,000)
  60. NUS Science (Honours) – 77.2% ($3,000)
  61. NTU Sociology – 76.7% ($3,100)
  62. NTU Environmental Engineering – 76.4% ($3,000)
  63. NTU Biological Sciences – 76.3% ($2,800)
  64. NUS Arts (Honours) – 76.0% ($3,000)
  65. NUS Bioengineering – 75.6% ($2,700)
  66. NUS Engineering Science – 75.0% ($2,750)
  67. NTU Chemistry & Biological Chemistry – 74.8% ($3,000)
  68. NTU Physics – 73.7% ($3,000)
  69. NUS Arts – 73.7% ($2,550)
  70. NTU English Literature – 72.5% ($2,700)
  71. NUS Science – 71.4% ($2,500)
  72. NUS Applied Science – 62.5% ($2,400)
  73. NTU Art, Design & Media – 60.4% ($2,600)
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75 Comments

  1. Software Engineer on

    Looks like SMU’s Information System programme has overtaken traditional NUS & NTU Computer Engineering/Science programmes in terms of employability

  2. dumping grounds on

    yo, where’s your list of dumping grounds?

    last year you published these:

    The Dumping Grounds by Starting Pay (Gross Monthly)

    1. NTU Art, Design & Media – $2,300 ($2,800)
    2. NTU Accountancy (3-yr direct Honours programme) – $2,400 ($2,500)
    3. NUS Business Administration (Accountancy) – $2,400 ($2,500)
    4. NUS Applied Science – $2,500 ($2,500)
    5. NUS Science – $2,500 ($2,600)
    6. NUS Arts – $2,500 ($2,600)
    7. NUS Business Administration (3-yr programme) – $2,500 ($2,700)
    8. SMU Social Sciences (4-yr programme) – $2,500 ($2,850)
    9. NTU Maritime Studies – $2,500 ($2,900)
    10. SMU Accountancy (4-yr programme) – $2,500 ($2,950)
    11. NUS Nursing – $2,550 ($2,700)
    12. NTU Environmental Engineering – $2,600 ($2,900)
    13. NTU Communication Studies – $2,600 ($2,900)
    14. NUS Real Estate – $2,600 ($3,000)
    15. NUS Applied Science (Honours) – $2,600 ($3,000)
    16. SMU Accountancy (4-yr programme) Cum Laude and above – $2,600 ($4,000)

    ~~

    so i suppose this year’s dumping grounds are these fellows:

    The Dumping Grounds by Starting Pay (Gross Monthly)

    1. NUS Applied Science – $2,427 ($2,800)
    2. NUS Engineering Science – $2,571 ($3,000)
    3. NTU Art, Design & Media – $2,600 ($3,150)
    4. NTU English Literature – $2,603 ($3,050)
    5. NUS Arts – $2,627 ($2,900)
    6. NUS Science – $2,653 ($2,900)
    7. NUS Nursing – $2,655 ($2,800)
    8. NUS Project and Facilities Management – $2,657 ($2,800)
    9. NUS Business Administration (Accountancy) – $2,692 ($2,600)
    10. NUS Civil Engineering – $2,757 ($2,800)
    11. NUS Real Estate – $2,762 ($3,000)
    12. NTU Accountancy (3-yr direct Honours programme) – $2,778 ($2,775)
    13. NUS Bioengineering – $2,804 ($3,000)
    14. SMU Social Sciences (4-yr programme) – $2,824 ($3,200)

    champion dumping ground = NUS Applied Science

  3. No surprises about Lw and Medicine starting pay being so high – there is a reason why these faculties are so competitive.

    What I’m more impressed with is how SMU manages to secure such high starting salaries for their graduates. Even if you disregard their Cum Laude statistics and just look at the starting salaries of those who did not achieve Cum Laude, they typically outearn their peers with similar degrees from NUS/NTU.

    For example, SMU Business Management is ranked 16 compared to NUS Business (Honours) at 22 and NTU Business at 53. Likewise, SMU Economics is ranked 10 whereas NTU Economics is ranked 44.

    Either SMU is fudging its statistics or it is doing something right and the other unis should seriously learn from it or become increasingly unattractive to students.

  4. Pingback: SMU top 20 per cent of its graduates starting pay average $5,062 - Page 2 - Salary.sg Forums

  5. Dark professikn on

    How are these data collated? It seems rather off when I compare them with friends who graduated, and its a large number.

    I’m guessing most of these staring pay refer to the govt and larger private sectors?

  6. fresh lawyers only earn a maximum honorarium of $2000 in their first year, so you ll need to wait longer if you want fresh grad salaries for smu law.

    first batch grad this year + 1 year bar exams = u will probably get the figures in mid 2012/ 2013

  7. ok thanks to all for the replies.. at least i know im not gonna be studying and working for peanuts.. sad that its gonna be a far cry from NUS law though

  8. NUS Science and Applied Science are bad bad bad! They are at the bottom by pay and also at the bottom by employment rate.

    If you wanna do science, it’s better to do it at NIE. This one:

    NTU Science (with Education) – $3,199 ($3,300)

  9. out of the 73 degree programmes, 15 of them (or more than one-fifth) have an employment rate of less than 80%.

    where are these people now?

    as an undergrad in one of the less stellar programmes, i would like to hear comments and advice from some of these people. we only hear too much rosy stuff from this website and the msm.

  10. If they are property agents, the zealous stats collectors would still count them as employed. Or do you mean they eventually become agents after sitting around at home for a long time?

  11. dear employment on

    this survey is for a period 6 months after graduation. some go on for further studies, after they cannot find jobs they want, some eventually turn to jobs they do not want.

    in singapore, those who are looking for jobs a very long time, & finally despair of looking for jobs that are ok with them, are discounted & are written off the unemployment market altogether in the end.

  12. flawed survey on

    this survey is flawed,

    if you include SMU NON CUM LAUDE Holders, the mean pay is around 3,400 which means it ranks somewhere in the middle.

    Also, employment is 93%. How is that a good statistic, stop publishing flawed figures.

  13. The NTU art design and media apologists are not defending their poor ranking this year. I think they themselves have given up on the course liao. Lowest in employment and near bottom for starting pay. Sad.

  14. Pingback: Lawyer Salary - Page 6 - Salary.sg Forums

  15. Some of the statistics are not accurate… Because some courses have small cohorts and out of the small cohorts, 90% went for further studies. The remaining people who didn’t went for further studies because they suck and that explains the poor salary.

  16. so the stats are still accurate. it truly reflects those who went ahead to look for jobs. what the stats did not say is the percentage who went for further studies – speaking of which, how many such study nuts can there be? 50%?

  17. With a smaller cohort, smu tends to have a higher mean, as compared to nus/ntu. Perhaps the same sample size should be used. Like comparing the top 100 graduates from each course and the lowest 100 graduates so we know where the extreme ends lie!

  18. @ Nut: Because we’re not in it solely for the cash. And just WHAT did we do to warrant this insult? It is uncalled for.

    And no, we’re not “sad”, not at all. We’re actually pretty darn happy and yay about it. I think it’s even sadder that Singaporeans spend their whole lives chasing figures and material benefits.

  19. Wow, clearly a convenient retort when there’s nothing better to be said in reply; the usage of “Personal Attack”: way to chicken out from the subject, hahahahaha…

  20. Don’t be fooled by the stats. Even the figures for the #1 is nothing impressive.

    $4.7k is after the frontloading of bonuses of the big 4, an action that was effected as recently as less than a year ago. Before the frontloading, the starting pay for local grad lawyers who finished their pupillage was $3.5-$3.7k, with a standard of about 4 months bonus, which is nothing great since the civil service admin service, largest GLCs and select MNCs in oil/gas/shipping give 6 months as a matter of course. Everyone do the maths yourself. $3.5k x (12 months + 4 months) = a measly $56k, per month AFTER frontloading is $4.6k. My figures are spot on.

    In other words, the salary for law fac remains UNCHANGED, from the days when it was declared as $3.5k guys. Even lower than some civil servants.

    I have exposed this frontloading thing as early as 6 mths ago, and a lawyer on this board spoke to me and was forced to admit it with a tail between his legs.

    He even tried to FUDGE things by saying he’s heard a rumour that there will still be some “consolation bonus”, and the management was just saying there’s no bonus after frontloading so that expectation will not be there, and said who knows, wait for announcement.

    So did you consolation pathetic one month bonus come or not? Frontloading then say frontloading lah.

  21. The best bonuses are in aerospace, oil, admin service (government).

    Second tier is property and banking.

    After working for 15 years and befriending too many people from too many sectors, here’re some of the bandings I know for average performing years and an above average performer. People in the know please participate.

    The banking sector has a very wide bonus variance. Some give as little as 2 and the best, about 5. Traders can get go up 10 months. 2-5 are for mere mortals.

    ST Aerospace 6 months (up to 8 in good years)
    Shell 5 months (up to 10 in good years)
    Admin Service 6 months
    Keppel Group 5-6 months
    Banks (mere mortals non traders at most 5, 6 is stretching it even for wonderful years. Some banks only give 1-2 months, and no they aren’t the local banks)
    Singtel 4 months
    SPH 4 months
    Capitaland 3 months
    SIA 2 months (they’ve been suffering)

    Non government related companies do not have mandatory AWS (13th month bonus). All bonuses listed are total package, which means companies with mandatory AWS (Singtel, SPH, SIA), bonus listed includes AWS.

  22. Shell mere mortals, above average performers only 5 at best. Only employees in the front office, the traders get up to 10 in very good years. The last time i remember friends in Shell getting that was back in 2003-2005.

  23. Even the crap bonus of 2 months is quite attractive when compared to so many employees who don’t get any.

    It’s no secret that MNCs in fields like FMCG, public relations, advertising, the market research firms (nielson what not) get no bonus, or just AWS. Most get no bonus. What your monthly is is what you are getting all year times 12. Not a cent more. And these are huge recognizable MNC names.

    Shipping and electronics have quite good bonuses too, but it used to be better. Dropped in the last 5 years. Pharmaceuticals bonus depends on the success of a drug, and the drug cycles are really long. But I’ve known friends in pharmaceutical sales who get up to 4 months, not bad.

  24. stanford alum on

    So glad the frontloading of bonuses, an extremely well-publicized event that happened a year ago among the local law firms that take in these local law grads by the truckload, is being highlighted by someone else in the know. Although I do wonder how ignorant Singaporeans are that they don’t know so many common things that people know.

    The median salary of law grads, thus remains unchanged from 2001 when I remember it was also $3.5k. LOL.

  25. Why is NUS Engineering Science the lowest paid compared with all other engineering courses while their entry grades are relatively more competitive than others such as mechanical/electrical/civil engineering?

    Its just so sad.
    Study so hard for freaking low pay..

  26. FrenchFries on

    A year has passed. I just confirmed that there was zilch bonus, not even the consolation one the thick skinned lawyer was hoping for. The frontloading is for real and is a 100% frontload. And please la, how can you dream got any more after frontloading when the action of frontloading increases the basic pay figure (since the normal bonus is transferred to the fixed pay by dividing by 12), so any excess in bonus would cause greater loss to the net profit. Dreamer hahaha.

  27. Yup I can confirm it’s true too. Asked a handful of friends in A&G and D&N and R&T who confirmed both the frontloading and no more bonus.

  28. A better way is to compare expected annual pay, or even better- _collected_ annual pay. But given the zeal with which the surveyors collect the data, I wonder how the figures will be perceived. Has anyone been surveyed before?

  29. hi guys, so can you clarify, for a junior partner, what’s the expected pay per annum (for a small firm)? very confused by this frontloading thing.

  30. Stanford alum on

    Indeed the use of annual salaries are a much more accurate truth of someone’s remuneration. In the US, salaries are almost always calculated and proposed in weekly or annually basis.

    The frontloading thing is self explanatory. As several posters in the know said, an action where the frontloading of bonuses of about 3-4 months was done, the bonuses were calculated into the monthly salary, inflating it artificially when actually there is no actual enlargement in the size. Imagine the pie being cut into 12 pieces or cut into 15 pieces. The end result of what the person gets remains the same annually- which I’d that pie. The maths calculation of “don’t be” is so clear and easy to understand.

    How anyone can get confused about or ignorant of frontloading baffles me. Haven’t started work yet?

    As someone said, the median salary of local law grads thus remain 3,500 + 3-4 months bonus, which was the package back in the late 90s to 2002.

  31. If earning money was the main point of your life and that was what gave it value then yes, this list is valid.

    The atrociously low starting pay for ADM grads is more of a sad reflection on the exploitative nature of the local industry that is trying to run a creative industry on an industrial model by attracting foreign studios here and using local talent with cheap wages as they key attracting factor.

    As for the quality of the students. Go see the show and see how much hard work, blood and sweat they pour into their works and from how many diverse areas of society they hail from. Also go realize that unlike many other courses, the work they do actually has a deep and personal relation to who they are. I’ll take that over being a highly-paid elitist office drone stuck in a cubicle who has lost all concept of the notion of beauty and truth any day.

    But you are right, as an ADMer I have kind of given up on the way NTU is trying to run our school, they just don’t get it. Dollars and cents is all they see as opposed to just getting their grubby hands off the school and let the people who know how to run it actually do it.

  32. Oh please rexregum, are you illiterate like most of your school mates? It’s clear to us that the figures above, starting from #1 are manipulated and doctored, either by artificial inflation or skewing the statistics. After all they are published by the schools. if you look at any other surveys which are independently run, like those from recruitment agencies, they present a completely different picture!

    Anecdotally, I know countless grads from the three business schools and dumping grounds like nus arts, ntu accountancy drawing $2.3-2.4k lower the median of the lowest in the bogus rankings. Most of them join the marketing, advertising or audit companies and we all know how low the starting pay is. The table above is highly skewed by the large number of local grads who become farmer teachers by signing on to MOE. NTU Chinese starting pay $3k median is a case in point and proof!

    So stop whining cos you ain’t really in any worse state than anyone else in the table, including #1.

  33. Junior partner only makes 144k per annum at the age of 34 to 35 is so low? (it takes between 7 and 9 years after pupilage which is completed at 26). Wow that’s gotta suck.

    That’s really rather horrific salary compared to friends I know making 100k at 23 as starting salary and almost 200k by 28.

  34. A friend told me he heard Drew equity partners take home S$500k minimum? That is why the pay for the rest is so low cause no more meat. Can anyone verify this?

  35. People higher up in every pyramid always draw more money than people lower in the pyramid. This is such a no-brainer statement it’s useless even stating it.

    The point is the salaries at each tier of this pyramid is significantly lower than the best paid jobs elsewhere. For those who can’t understand, it means lower at the same age/seniority, or reach the same pay bracket at a much later age/seniority.

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